- Introduction to Drilling and Well Completions.
viernes, 15 de julio de 2011
PETROLEUM WELL CONSTRUCTION.
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING HANDBOOK - RESERVOIR ENGINEERING AND PETROPHYSICS - LARRY W. LAKE & EDWARD D. HOLSTEIN - SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS SPE.
- Reservoir Geology.
- Fundamentals of Geophysics.
- Petrophysics.
- Resistivity and SP Logging.
- Acoustic Logging.
- Nuclear Logging.
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applications in Petrophysics and Formation Evaluation.
- Mud Logging.
- Specialized Well-Logging Topics.
- Petrophysical Applications.
- Production Logging.
- The Single-Well Chemical Tracer Test-A Method for Measuring Reservoir Fluid Saturations in Situ.
- Well-to-Well Tracer Test.
- Reservoir Pressure and Temperature.
- Fluid Flow Through Permeable Media.
- Oil Reservoir Primary Drive Mechanisms.
- Gas Reservoir.
- Waterflooding.
- Inmiscible Gas Injection in Oil Reservoirs.
- Polymers, Gel, Foams and Resins.
- Miscible Processes.
- Thermal Recovery by Steam Injection.
- In-Situ Combustion.
- Reservoir Simulation.
- Estimation of Primary Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Condensate.
- Valuation of Oil and Gas Reserves.
- Reservoir Management Programs.
jueves, 7 de julio de 2011
SURGE AND SWAB CALCULATION METHOD 1.
Bottom hole pressure is reduced due to swabbing effect.
Bottom hole pressure is increased due to surging effect.
The calculation steps are as follows:
1. Determine pressure around drill pipe
2. Determine pressure loss around drill collar
3. Determine total pressure loss by summation of the figures in the 1st and 2nd step
4. Determine surge and swab pressure
The First Step: determine pressure loss around drill pipe.
1. Determine n:
Where:
n is the power law exponent.
Θ600 is a value at 600 viscometer dial reading.
Θ300 is a value at 300 viscometer dial reading.
2. Determine K
Where:
K is the fluid consistency unit
Θ300 is a value at 300 viscometer dial reading.
n is the power law exponent.
3. Determine fluid velocity around drill pipe
For closed-ended pipe (plugged flow):
For open-ended pipe:
Where:
Vdp is the fluid velocity around drill pipe in ft/min.
Dp is drill pipe diameter in inch.
Dh is hole diameter in inch.
Di is inner diameter of drill pipe in inch.
4. Maximum pipe velocity
Vm = Vdp x 1.5
Where;
Vdp is the fluid velocity around drill pipe in ft/min.
Vm is maximum pipe velocity.
5. Pressure loss around drill pipe
The Second Step: determine pressure loss around drill collar.
You also need to consider pressure loss around drill collar or BHA as well because they have different OD which sometimes creates significant surge/swab pressure.
1. Determine fluid velocity around drill collar
For close-ended pipe (plugged flow)
For open-ended pipe
Where:
Vdc is the fluid velocity around drill collar in ft/min.
Dc is drill collar diameter in inch.
Dh is hole diameter in inch.
Dci is inner diameter of drill collar in inch.
2. Maximum pipe velocity
Vm = Vdc x 1.5
Where:
Vdc is the fluid velocity around drill collar in ft/min.
Vm is maximum pipe velocity.
3. Pressure loss around drill collar
The Third Step: Total Pressure Loss = Pdp + Pdc
The Final Step:
For surge pressure, you need to add this figure to hydrostatic pressure of mud.
Bottom hole pressure = Hydrostatic pressure + Total Pressure Loss
On the other hand, if you want to get swab pressure, the pressure sure must be subtracted from the hydrostatic pressure.
Bottom hole pressure = Hydrostatic pressure – Total Pressure Loss
CUTTING SLIP VELOCITY CALCULATION METHOD 2
1. Determine n:
Θ600 is a value at 600 viscometer dial reading.
Θ300 is a value at 300 viscometer dial reading.
2. Determine K:
Where:
Θ300 is a value at 300 viscometer dial reading.
n is the power law exponent.
3. Determine annular velocity with following equation:
Where:
AV is annular velocity in ft/min.
Q is flow rate in gpm (gallon per minute).
Dh is diameter of hole in inch.
Dp is diameter of drill pipe in inch.
4. Determine cutting slip velocity with following equation:
Where:
PV is plastic viscosity in centi-poise.
MW is mud weight in ppg.
Dp is diameter of cutting in inch.
DenP is cutting density in ppg.
5. Determine net rise velocity with following equation:
Net rise velocity = AV – Vs
Where:
AV is annular velocity.
Vs Cutting Velocity
This figure indicates that cuttings are being lifted by mud or are still falling down.
If net rise velocity is positive, it means that you have good flow rate which can carry cuttings in the wellbore.
On the other hand, If net rise velocity is negative, your current flow rate is NOT engough to carry cuttings.
Example: Please use the following information to determine annular velocity, cutting slip velocity, net rise velocity, and tell us if the flow rate is good for hole cleaning.
Flow rate = 300 gpm
Hole Diameter = 6.3 inch
Drillpipe OD = 4 inch
PV = 15 cps
MW = 10 ppg
Diameter of cutting = 0.20 inch
Density of cutting = 20.0 ppg
1. Determine annular velocity:
AV = 310.3 ft/min
Vs = 35.4 ft/min
Net rise velocity = 310.3 – 35.4 = 274.9 ft/min
Conclusion: This flow rate is good for hole cleaning because annular velocity is more than cutting slip velocity.
miércoles, 6 de julio de 2011
NINE STEPS ESP DESIGN - BAKER HUGHES COMPANY CENTRILIFT.
CONTENIDO DEL LIBRO:
- Nine Step Overview.
- Step 1.- Basic Data.
- Step 2.- Production Capacity.
- Step 3.- Gas Calculations.
- Step 4.- Total Dynamic Head.
- Step 5.- Pump Type.
- Step 6.- Optimum Size of Components.
- Step 7.- Electric Cable.
- Step 8.- Accessory Optional Equipment.
- Step 9.- Variable Speed Pumping System.
AUTOR: Baker Hughes Company - Centrilift.
IDIOMA: Ingles.
PAGINAS: 33 pags.
TAMAÑO: 7.55 MB.
DESCARGA EN MEDIAFIRE:
lunes, 4 de julio de 2011
WELL CONTROL SCHOOL (EN INGLES) - WCS
CONTENIDO DEL LIBRO:
TIPO DE ARCHIVO: Pdf.